how to select an alloy in sand casting aluminum

Most Popular Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics…

ANSI AA 308.0-F
(Permanent mold)

Former Numbers

Former AA: A108

Former ASTM:

Former SAE:

UNS:                   A03080

FedSpec:

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 4.0-5.0

Iron (Fe): 1.0

Magnesium (Mg): 0.10

Manganese (Mn): 0.50

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 5.0 – 6.0

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 1.00

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.79

Density: 0.101 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: .970-1140 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 37

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.34

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 11.9/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 28 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 16 kis

Compressive Strength (Yield): 17 ksi

Shear Strength: 22 ksi 

Endurance Limit: 13 ksi

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 2.0

Hardness (BHN) 70

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool from mold in still air at room temperature

Typical Applications

General purpose permanent sold castings, ornamental grilles and reflectors

ansi aa 319.0-f
(sand)

Former Numbers

Former AA: 319 Allcast

Former ASTM: SC64D

Former SAE: 326

UNS: A03190

FedSpec: 319

MilSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 3.0-4.0

Iron (Fe): 1.0

Magnesium (Mg): 0.10

Manganese (Mn): 0.50

Other:

Nickel (Ni): 0.35

Silicon (Si): 5.5 – 6.5

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 1.0

Zirconium (Zr):


Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.79

Density: 0.101 Lb/in³

Melting Temperature: .970-1120 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 27

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.27

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 12.0/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity: 10.7 x 10 8  psi

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 27 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 18 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield): 19 ksi

Shear Strength: 22 ksi 

Endurance Limit: 10 ksi

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 2.0

Hardness (BHN) 70

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool from mold in still air at room temperature

Typical Applications

Engine crankcases, gas and oil tanks, engine oil pans, typewriter frames, engine parts

ANSI AA 356.0-T6
(sand)

Former Numbers

Former AA: 356

Former ASTM: SG70A

Former SAE: 323

UNS: A03560

FedSpec: 356

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 0.25

Iron (Fe): 0.6

Magnesium (Mg): 0.20-0.45

Manganese (Mn): 0.35

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 6.5-7.5

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 0.35

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.68

Density: 0.097 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1040-1140 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 39

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.36

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 11.9/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity: 10.5 x 10 psi

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 33 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 24 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield): 25 ksi

Shear Strength: 26 ksi 

Endurance Limit: 8.5 ksi

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 3.5

Hardness (BHN) 70

Head Treatment (Temper)

T6 – SOLUTION HEAT TREAT, QUENCH, AGE ARTIFICIALLY

Heat, to 1000 °F and hold for 12 hours; quench in water at 150-212 °F; age at 310 °F for 3-5 hours

Important Characteristics

If iron content exceeds 0.45%, manganese content shall not be less than one – half the iron content

Typical Applications

Flywheel castings, automotive transmission cases, oil pans, pump bodies

ANSI AA 356.0-T6
(Permanent mOLD)

Former Numbers

Former AA: 356

Former ASTM: SG70A

Former SAE: 323

UNS: A03560

FedSpec: 356

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 0.25

Iron (Fe): 0.6

Magnesium (Mg): 0.20-0.45

Manganese (Mn): 0.35

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 6.5-7.5

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 0.35

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.68

Density: 0.097 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1040-1140 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 41

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.37

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 11.9/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity: 10.5 x 10 psi

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 38 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 27 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield): 27 ksi

Shear Strength: 30 ksi 

Endurance Limit: 13 ksi

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 5.0

Hardness (BHN) 80

Head Treatment (Temper)

T6 – SOLUTION HEAT TREAT, QUENCH, AGE ARTIFICIALLY

Heat, to 1000 °F and hold for 4-12 hours; quench in water at 150-212 °F; age at 310 °F for 2-5 hours

Important Characteristics

If iron content exceeds 0.45%, manganese content shall not be less than one – half the iron content

Typical Applications

Machine tool parts, aircraft wheels, airframe castings, bridge railings

ANSI AA 535.0-f
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: Almag 35

Former ASTM: GM708

Former SAE:

UNS: A05350

FedSpec: Almag 35

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be): 0.003-0.007

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 0.15

Iron (Fe): 0.50

Magnesium (Mg): 3.5-4.5

Manganese (Mn): 0.35

Other: Boron (B): 0.0005 max

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 0.15

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 0.15

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.62

Density: 0.095 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1020-1165 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 23

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.23

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.1/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 35 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 18 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 9.0

Hardness (BHN) 60-90

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool naturally from mold in still air at room temperature

Important Characteristics

na

Typical Applications

na



ANSI AA 535.0-T5
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: Almag 35

Former ASTM: GM708

Former SAE:

UNS: A05350

FedSpec: Almag 35

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be): 0.003-0.007

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 0.15

Iron (Fe): 0.50

Magnesium (Mg): 3.5-4.5

Manganese (Mn): 0.35

Other: Boron (B): 0.0005 max

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 0.15

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 0.15

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.62

Density: 0.095 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1020-1165 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 23

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.23

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.1/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 35 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 18 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 9.0

Hardness (BHN) 60-90

Head Treatment (Temper)

TS – COOL NATURALLY FROM MOLD; AGE ARTIFICIALLY

Cool naturally from the mold at room temperature; age artificially at 750 °F for 5 hours; cool outside the furnace in still air; no quench is required

Important Characteristics

The TS temper imparts improved mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Mechanical properties are the same for both the F and T5 tempers

Typical Applications

Applications where dimensional stability is important, such as instrument parts

ANSI AA B535.0-F
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: B218

Former ASTM:

Former SAE:

UNS:

FedSpec:

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr):

Copper (Cu): 0.10

Iron (Fe): 0.15

Magnesium (Mg): 6.5-7.5

Manganese (Mn): 0.05

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 0.15

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.10-0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) :

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.62

Density: 0.095 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1020-1170 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 24

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.23

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.6/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate):

Tensile Strength (Yield):

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches):

Hardness (BHN)

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool naturally from mold in still air at room temperature

Important Characteristics

na

Typical Applications

na

ANSI AA 705.0-f
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: 603, Ternalloy 5

Former ASTM: ZG32A

Former SAE: 311

UNS: A07050

FedSpec: Ternalloy 5

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr): 0.20-0.40

Copper (Cu): 0.20

Iron (Fe): 0.8

Magnesium (Mg): 1.4-1.8

Manganese (Mn): 0.40-0.6

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 0.20

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 2.7-3.3

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.76

Density: 0.100 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1110-1180 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 25

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.25

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.1/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 30 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 17 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 5.0

Hardness (BHN) 50-80

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool naturally from mold in still air at room temperature

Important Characteristics

na

Typical Applications

na

ANSI AA 712.0-T5
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: D712.0

Former ASTM: ZG61A

Former SAE: 310

UNS: A07120

FedSpec: 40E

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr): 0.40-0.6

Copper (Cu): 0.35-0.65

Iron (Fe): 0.50

Magnesium (Mg): 0.5-0.65

Manganese (Mn): 0.5-0.65

Other:

Nickel (Ni):

Silicon (Si): 0.30

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.15-0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 5.0-6.5

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.82

Density: 0.102 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1110-1180 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 40

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.38

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.1/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 34 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 25 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 4.0

Hardness (BHN) 60-90

Head Treatment (Temper)

TS – COOL NATURALLY FROM MOLD; AGE NATURALLY

Cool naturally from mold in still air at room temperature; age at room temperature for 21 days.

Important Characteristics

The TS temper imparts improved mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Mechanical properties are the same for both the F and T5 tempers

Typical Applications

na

ANSI AA 713.0-f
(SAND)

Former Numbers

Former AA: 613, Tenzalloy 

Former ASTM: ZC81A

Former SAE: 315

UNS: A07130

FedSpec: Tenzalloy

MiLSpec:

Elemental Composition (%)

Aluminum (Al):

BerylLium (Be):

Cobalt (Co):

Chromium (Cr): 0.35

Copper (Cu): 0.40.-1.0

Iron (Fe): 1.1

Magnesium (Mg): 0.20-0.50

Manganese (Mn): 0.6

Other:

Nickel (Ni): 0.15

Silicon (Si): 0.25

Silver (AG):

Tin (Sn):

Titanium (Ti): 0.25

Vanadium (V):

Zinc (Zn) : 7.0-8.0

Zirconium (Zr):

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity: 2.84

Density: 0.104 lb/in³

Melting Temperature: 1100-1170 °F

Electrical Conductivity (% IACS): 37

Thermal Conductivity (@ 25 °C, SI units): 0.37

Coef. of Thermal Expansion (68-212 °F): 13.3/°F x 10 4

Mechanical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity:

Tensile Strength (Ultimate): 32 ksi

Tensile Strength (Yield): 22 ksi

Compressive Strength (Yield):

Shear Strength: 

Endurance Limit:

Elongation (% in 2 inches): 3.0

Hardness (BHN) 60-90

Head Treatment (Temper)

F – AS CAST

Cool naturally from mold in still air at room temperature

Important Characteristics

The TS temper imparts improved mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Mechanical properties are the same for both the F and T5 tempers

Typical Applications

Automotive parts, trailer parts, pumps, aining equipment

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